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Knee osteoarthritis occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of bones gradually deteriorates. Cartilage normally allows the joint to move smoothly and absorb impact during movement. As it breaks down, the bones in the knee may begin to rub together, which can lead to pain, stiffness, inflammation, and limited movement.
While osteoarthritis is often associated with aging, other factors such as prior injuries, excess body weight, or genetics can also contribute to its development. Knees are among the joints most commonly affected by this condition.
Genicular Artery Embolization (GAE) is a minimally invasive procedure used to help relieve chronic knee pain, particularly when osteoarthritis is the cause. It is performed by an interventional radiologist who uses advanced imaging to guide specialized instruments through the blood vessels. Because the technique does not require large incisions, patients typically return home the same day. GAE is designed to reduce inflammation in the knee joint and provide relief for patients who have not found success with medications, injections, or other conservative treatments.
Interventional radiology can be used to treat a variety of urologic and urogynecologic conditions. Learn more about other procedures.
GAE is typically performed in an outpatient setting using local numbing medication and light sedation. During the procedure, a physician inserts a small catheter into an artery and navigates it toward the arteries that supply blood to the inflamed lining of the knee.
Once these vessels are identified, microscopic particles are delivered through the catheter to partially block the abnormal blood flow contributing to inflammation. By decreasing circulation to these inflamed tissues, the procedure helps reduce swelling and pain within the joint
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